Exploring Air Pollution Problems for a Focus - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theExploring Air Pollution Problems for a Focus on Brisbane. Answer: Presentation Air contamination is expressly recognized to be a considerable general medical problem, liable for an expanding scope of natural and wellbeing outcomes. The wellbeing impacts of air contamination are turning into a weight to social insurance frameworks. Air contamination is the nearness of hurtful substances noticeable all around at focuses that present a wellbeing danger. Basic air poisons are CO, SO2, PAHs and particulate issue, which may begin from various sources, for example, vehicle emanations, non-renewable energy source ignition, and biomass consuming. (3, 18, 19)The smoke created in shut spaces from cooking may likewise cause air contamination. Fast urbanization further builds the danger of introduction to surrounding air poisons. The justification of this paper is to explore how air contamination influences general wellbeing. In this insightful paper, a writing audit was performed into the idea of air contamination, its causes, and effect on general wellbeing with an emphasis on Brisbane, Australia, which is the chosen network. Ongoing friend assessed articles distributed somewhere in the range of 2012 and 2017 were recovered from MEDLINE and CINAHL Plus. The examination questions are; what are the fundamental air contamination issues in Brisbane, Australia? What are the key sources? It is safe to say that they are related with other ecological issues? How does the air contamination influence general wellbeing? Search terms and rules A writing search was directed utilizing CINAHL Plus and MEDLINE as the two essential scholarly databases to explore ebb and flow information on air contamination and general wellbeing. The hunt terms were air, contamination, issues, sources, ecological, issues, Brisbane and Australia. Boolean administrators that were utilized to encourage the writing search were and additionally. The inquiry mode was discover all my pursuit while the expander was apply every single related word. Year of distribution was utilized as a limiter in the writing search. It was performed for the years somewhere in the range of 2012 and 2017. Source type was all outcomes, and the language was English. The pursuit rules yielded a few meta-investigations and fundamental audits, and numerous ongoing examinations on the relationship between air contamination and general wellbeing. For example, the hunt air AND contamination AND Brisbane yielded 124 outcomes in MEDLINE and 723 outcomes in CINAHL Plus. 20 articles were seen as important and remembered for this investigation. Basic evaluation of the articles The essential topics that were observed from the appropriate articles were arranged into three, significant air contamination sources, ecological issues and general medical issues. These subjects were assessed utilizing the pertinent writing. Significant air toxins Alharbi et al. (1) lead an examination to decide the grouping of thoron and radon in working environments in Brisbane. A few working environments were chosen haphazardly around Brisbane, and dynamic strategy was utilized to gauge the degree of radon and thoron fixation. Shut territories were found to have the most elevated groupings of radon, 86.6 6.0 Bq m3. Then again, maximal thoron focus was found in stores, 78.1 14.0 Bq m3. The scientists found that the grouping of these gases was low during working hours and high in the wake of working hours because of the distinction in ventilation. Plus, they unwound that solid ground surface was a noteworthy giver of the radon and thoron in the earth. Thai et al. (2) directed an investigation to assess the degree of presentation to polycyclic sweet-smelling hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Brisbane and Hanoi. During the investigation, pee tests were tried from 16 possibility for ten weeks. The discoveries demonstrate that inhabitants of Hanoi had higher introduction to PAHS than occupants of Brisbane. In any case, the specialists inferred that air contamination was a significant worry in the two settings. In their investigation, Crilley et al. (3) intended to recognize the wellspring of natural carbon (OC) just as essential carbon (EC) focus in encompassing PM 2.5 across urban learning establishments in Brisbane. Testing was performed at 25 schools. The EC tracer strategy was applied to evaluate the essential and auxiliary convergences of OC. This investigation found that optional natural vaporizers (SOA), neighborhood climate conditions just as vehicle outflows were the essential givers of a carbonaceous part of PM 2.5 across urban learning organizations. Companion et al. (4) led an examination to distinguish the huge wellsprings of air contamination. They performed examining in two better places in Brisbane. Ultrafine and fine particles were found in a few areas, which are traffic sources and biomass consuming. Their decision takes note of that traffic was the significant wellspring of air contamination. General medical issues Ezz et al. (5) did an investigation to decide the ramifications of both indoor and open air ultrafine particles on kids wellbeing in Brisbane. Their primary point was to set up the connection between respiratory sicknesses and ultrafine particles. 25 school grounds were arbitrarily enlisted to partake in this examination. The respiratory wellbeing results were broke down through various tests, for example, spirometry, a small amount of breathed out nitric oxide (FOT) and different breath nitrogen waste of time test (MBNW). The writer inferred that ultrafine particles are a main source of respiratory diseases. In his Meta-examination study, Roberts (6) expected to decide the mortality patterns connected to air contamination (PM10) in Brisbane and Sydney, Australia. The creator concentrated on the period somewhere in the range of 1993 and 2007. In the discoveries, the creator affirms that mortality has declined, PM10 is as yet an issue, and it is related with cardiovascular passings. Bowatte et al. (7) utilized a longitudinal report to explore whether coercion to traffic-related air contamination (TRAP) is connected to asthma, hypersensitivities and impeded lung work. Relapse models were utilized to evaluate the degree of introduction to nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The outcomes suggest that living near significant streets opens people to TRAP, which expands the danger of current wheeze, atopy, asthma, unfavorably susceptible results and other lung inconveniences. Barnett et al. (8) played out an investigation utilizing a Bayesian progressive model to set up the connection between introduction to air contaminations and wellbeing results in Brisbane, Australia. Coercion to air contamination was connected to negative wellbeing impacts including hospitalization and passings. This finding demonstrates that individuals who are presented to air poisons to a specific level are probably going to encounter unexpected frailty results. A comparable report was finished by Cohen et al. (9); nonetheless, their investigation concentrated on a worldwide scene. Their examination depended on the establishment that coercion to surrounding air contamination brings about high bleakness and mortality. They found that presentation to surrounding PM2-5 was a main source of passings since it expanded the danger of (COPD). Berends (10) concentrate on the wellbeing effects of air contamination likewise presumed that COPD is a significant issue. In a related report, Brau er et al. (11) utilized ground estimation, satellite-based gauge and compound vehicle model reenactment to assess the degree to which surrounding air contamination increments worldwide sickness trouble. More than five years, they found that encompassing air contamination expands the worldwide sickness trouble. Narasimhan et al. (12) assessed the accessible writing to decide the hazard factors for tuberculosis. The examination uncovered that there are various hazard factors for tuberculosis. Among the most significant hazard factors was indoor air contamination. Another essential examination was intended to break down the effect of temperature and air contamination on the predominance of pediatric flu. In this examination, four Poisson log-direct relapse model and the quantity of flu cases were applied to explore the effect of PM10, N02 and O3 just as temperature on pediatric flu. The examination found that significant levels of 03, NO2 and PM10 brought about high commonness of pediatric flu in Brisbane. (13) The creators reason that air contamination is a key indicator of pediatric flu. Wang et al. (14) did an investigation to evaluate the connection between air contamination, temperature and mortality in Brisbane. Checking Mobility Particle Sizer was used to gauge molecule size while different information on air contamination was gotten from government organizations. They unwound that the air temperature will in general increment mortality for those with respiratory contaminations. Their discoveries suggest that air temperature upgrades th e negative effects of air contamination. Straney et al. (15) did an investigation to investigate the connection between air contamination and the commonness of Out-of-clinic heart failure (OHCA). In their exploration, the creators utilized St Johns Ambulance information. They concentrated on these air contaminations O3, NO2, SO2 and CO. The connection between the contaminations and OHCA was resolved dependent on the quantity of announced cases. They found that carbon monoxide and PM2.5 were connected to the high predominance of OHCA. Proof recommends that the surrounding air contamination is significant malady trouble. By and by, one longitudinal investigation on female wellbeing found that surrounding air contamination was not identified with self-revealed ailment in Australia. 26,991 females were selected in this examination. The specialists recorded oneself announced instances of cardiovascular sicknesses, hypertension, diabetes and respiratory diseases. (16) Kelly et al. (17) examined accessible writing to build up the connection between air contamination and wellbeing. They found that the vast majority primarily in urban focuses inhale air that doesn't meet World Health Organization (WHO) measures, which is a danger to general wellbeing. Ecological issues In a second report Crilley et al. (18) embedded Aerodyne conservative time-of-flight airborne mass spectrometer (TOF-AMS) to quantify the degree of natural vaporized (OA), explicitly vehicle emanations and human movement in 5 urban schools across Brisbane. They found a differing convergence of OA in the

Ed Gein :: Free Essays

Ed Gein The individuals of Plainfield, considered Ed Gein a delicate man who everyone trusted. Ed had an exceptionally exacting adolescence. His dad kicked the bucket when he was exceptionally youthful. His mom at that point concluded that she would bring up her youngsters and not wed or be associated with any relationship. Mrs. Gein told Ed and his sibling Henry that all ladies were terrible and that sex would prompt heart breaks and maladies. Further down the road, Ed admitted he felt his mom was acceptable in each way (deranged,wierd,sick, http.//www.deranged.com). Specialists speculated he had a sexual relationship with his mom. Inside a short time Ed's mom and sibling had kicked the bucket, leaving Ed forlorn on a ranch which didn't have power. Ed maintained odd sources of income like a jack of all trades and child sitting. In his spare time, Ed directed maniacal trials. Intrigued with the female body, Ed regularly entertained himself with anatomical reading material. To really observe and feel for himself, he went to the cemetery and unearthed a few bodies, including his moms'. He discovered joy in taking care of dead ladies' sex organs. Far more detestable, he cleaned the cadavers and analyzed the bodies. The stock inside his home comprised of heads, hearts, livers, digestive organs, and skin dissipated about. Around evening time he would remove the entirety of his garments, put on his moms skin, and move around the house. Looking for yet increasingly sexual delight Ed made furnishings and instruments from body parts. A portion of these things included lampshades, tom toms, and arm bands. Gein then proceeded onward to murdering others. Despite the fact that he just executed two ladies (Mary Hogan and Bernice Wordan), Ed was as yet viewed as a sequential executioner. In the wake of executing Bernice Wordan, the proof deserted lead to Ed Gein. At the point when the specialists showed up they were invited by a collection of human curios. Contracted heads, drinking glass skulls, and skin furniture. Ed didn't understand that what he had done wasn't right so he welcomed the police in for espresso. Ed Gein :: Free Essays Ed Gein The individuals of Plainfield, considered Ed Gein a delicate man who everyone trusted. Ed had an exacting adolescence. His dad passed on when he was youthful. His mom at that point concluded that she would bring up her kids and not wed or be associated with any relationship. Mrs. Gein told Ed and his sibling Henry that all ladies were terrible and that sex would prompt heart breaks and illnesses. Further down the road, Ed admitted he felt his mom was acceptable in each way (deranged,wierd,sick, http.//www.deranged.com). Specialists presumed he had a sexual relationship with his mom. Inside a short time Ed's mom and sibling had kicked the bucket, leaving Ed forsaken on a ranch which didn't have power. Ed maintained odd sources of income like a jack of all trades and infant sitting. In his leisure time, Ed directed maniacal tests. Interested with the female body, Ed frequently entertained himself with anatomical reading material. To really observe and feel for himself, he went to the m emorial park and uncovered a few bodies, including his moms'. He discovered joy in taking care of dead ladies' sex organs. Far more detestable, he cleaned the cadavers and dismembered the bodies. The stock inside his home comprised of heads, hearts, livers, digestion tracts, and skin dispersed about. Around evening time he would remove the entirety of his garments, put on his moms skin, and move around the house. Looking for yet progressively sexual satisfaction Ed made furnishings and instruments from body parts. A portion of these things included lampshades, tom toms, and arm bands. Gein then proceeded onward to murdering others. Despite the fact that he just executed two ladies (Mary Hogan and Bernice Wordan), Ed was as yet viewed as a sequential executioner. In the wake of slaughtering Bernice Wordan, the proof deserted lead to Ed Gein. At the point when the specialists showed up they were invited by an arrangement of human curios. Contracted heads, drinking glass skulls, and sk in furniture. Ed didn't understand that what he had done wasn't right so he welcomed the police in for espresso.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for September 26th, 2019

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Arthur Miller About Witches - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1331 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: The Crucible Essay Did you like this example? Arthur Miller was a famous playwright, author, and film writer in the mid-20th century, who published many works, one of them being The Crucible. Born in 1915, Miller was raised in New York City, a peak area to establish a love for the arts due to its grand displays of plays and shows. Miller grew up in a failing household, so he worked for a decent amount of time in an auto-parts warehouse, before attending college at the University of Michigan. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Arthur Miller About Witches" essay for you Create order During his time in school, Miller won two Avery Hopwood awards for his early work in playwriting. After school Miller returned to New York to pursue this career, and had several small releases while writing for the Federal Theater Project, the Columbia Workshop, and the Cavalcade of America. In 1947, Millerrs career boomed. Some of his many successes included All of my Sons, Death of a Salesman, and his famous play The Crucible. Some of Millers awards he won include the Theater Guild National Prize, Antoinette Perry Award, Emmy Award, and even a Pulitzer Prize award for drama. Millerrs view on the world can be interpreted through his many works he created, in which he saw the realism in everyday life, and avoided the fake masks placed over most things. Arthur lived a full life, passing away in early 2005 in Connecticut, leaving behind the legacy he created in New York (Arthur Miller). Throughout his playwright career, Arthur Miller addressed many social and political issues. In Millerrs The Crucible, he confronts the hard truth of what peoplers behavior did during the Salem witch trials to seemingly innocent women, along with relating it to Senator Joseph McCarthyrs desire to expose alleged communists in the federal government and Hollywood in the early 1950rs. The Crucible tells the true and saddening tales of several women being persecuted and killed for being accused as witches without viable proof, and his annoyance with the people of Salem can be interpreted through the text. Miller personally faces McCarthyrs crazed hunt for communists by indire ctly comparing it to the lengths people went through during the Salem witch trials to expose weird neighbors or people they disliked. While it takes some thought and consideration, it is easy to interpret Millerrs opinions and views through his work and the way he portrays characters in his stories (Schechter). During the colonial period of early American history, Massachusetts held some very extreme religious and political views. Early Massachusetts was populated by very devout Puritans who traveled from England to escape the discriminatory Catholic and Anglican churches. The settlers were mainly influenced by John Winthrop, who preached to the people that they should create a City upon a Hill, or a model Christian society. The people of the early Massachusetts Bay Colony were very influenced by their desire to uphold their Puritan ideals, so they limited political opportunities to people of their church, and made Puritanism the state-wide religion. Tens of thousands of Puritans seeking religious freedom came to Massachusetts within the next decade, and Puritanism became nearly the only religion of the state. Within the next years, the Puritan church established the idea of predestination, that a select devoted few were hand-chosen by God to be saved after life, which caused the relig ious citizens to abide by all of the churchrs laws and rules in worship and charitableness. When people such as Roger Williams, Salemrs Puritan minister, tried to institute true religious freedom in Massachusetts, they were banished from the state, forced to find a new place to live. The people of colonial Massachusetts believed both men and women could be saved by God in the afterlife, but women were still the inferior gender. This political view of the people made female preachers such as the upcoming Anne Hutchinson in Massachusetts Bay have very difficult times thriving. Hutchinson was wrongfully accused of disregarding the rules of the Puritan church and was banished, similarly to Roger Williams. Early Massachusetts settlers had many contradictory laws to what they previously believed when they lived in the Old World. Puritans migrated to Massachusetts Bay to seek religious asylum from the growing Church of England, but when they got established, the people didnt allow re ligious freedom to people that did not belong to the Puritan Church. Overall, Massachusetts had some very extreme religious and political views during the colonial era and the beginnings of their colony and state (Henretta et al. 61-63). The beliefs of witches and witchcraft held by the people of the New England colonies in the late seventeenth century were awoken by a group of girls in Salem, Massachusetts who took the tales told by a West Indian slave woman too seriously. The girls took deep interest in her tales of voodoo and sorcery, and got too caught up in the witch-craze to back out, starting a town-wide witch hunt, including neighbors accusing neighbors, poor accusing rich, and visa versa (Bacon). During the late seventeenth century, adolescent girls had the lowest amount of power in the community of Salem due to the sexist class structure. When a group of adolescent girls believed they had witnessed witchcraft, the whole class structure was pushed aside to allow these girls to share their stories. The desire to expose witches and those dabbling in the devilrs work was so great, that the widely inferior were given the utmost priority. Witches during this era could be described through many seemingly ridi culous ways. For one, witches could often be found flying on brooms to designated meeting places where they would sign over their souls in the devilrs book. The simplest things would be blamed on witchcraft during this chaotic era. Farm animals dying, crops failing, and even sudden illnesses would be blamed on rivals or neighbors using sorcery to bring them defeat. The typical accused witch would be a middle-aged woman who had no kids and was not the ideal submissive lady. Suspected witches would be held in jail, with ironclads around their legs so they would be unable to fly away and escape. If proven a witch, a woman would be burned at a stake, or more commonly hung publicly at the gallows. Over 200 people were accused of being witches and 20 were executed. Accused women often had no way out, so they would have to result to accusing different women in exchange for a lesser sentence. The early seventeenth century was a rough time for women, as being accused of being a witc h had no recovery (Collins). McCarthyism was a campaign to expose hidden communists in the US government in the early to mid 1950rs, headed by a man named Joseph McCarthy. McCarthy was a Wisconsin Senator in the 1950s, who made ludicrous accusations that people of power in the United States were secretly communists. During the 1950s, there was great concerns of post-war retaliations, and many people feared that communists had infiltrated the American government. So much so, that a Wisconsin Senator was able to follow through with a witch hunt comparable to the Salem witch trials on a mission to seek out and expose hidden alleged communists in society. McCarthy started the chaos by giving a speech in which he shared that he personally knew 2015 card-carrying members of the Communist party that had successfully infiltrated the US government. In early 1950, McCarthy went to the senate with many fallible claims of proof of communists intervening. No matter how unreliable the evidence was, or whether he used t he same stories on different people, the Senate listened intently and called for a full investigation. The general public did nothing to stop the accusations of innocent people, and often helped provide possible communist spies to the government. McCarthy influenced politics in the 1950s by restarting the communist witch hunts and bringing fear of the red plague back into the eyes of American citizens. He brought the ridiculous trials of the Salem witch hunt back in a modern way, but with the same dubious claims and unreliable evidence lacking of real proof (McCarthyism).

Why Do Rush Into Something Permanent Like Marriage

Cohabitating with your significant other is not out of the ordinary for today’s standards, and more and more seem to take on this trend instead of marrying. Why rush into something permanent like marriage, when living together is like a test trial for the future? More adults are choosing to cohabitate and have children rather then get married. Studies show a rising number that moving in with your partner, and having children before marriage is not uncommon. Cohabiators like myself say marriage is a piece of paper, and residing with a partner is not uncommon to show serious commitment. I believe it is important to live with someone before you marry him or her. It is no longer out of the ordinary to live with your partner before marriage. Pew Research Center shows that more adults ages 25 to 34 have never been married and live with their significant other. Research also shows that 24% of young adults cohabitate instead of tying the knot. In my opinion, living together without being married still shows that people are committed to a relationship without a piece of paper; no more wishing to play house with the one you love—its actually possible. Living together is a big commitment both parties must be ready for. The fact is that living together not only show legal commitment, but also a mutual commitment between the couples that choose to cohabitate rather then become married. Nowadays, people are choosing to live with their partner and have children. A study made by the TimeShow MoreRelatedShakespeare s Playwrights And Poetry Empower People1519 Words   |   7 Pages Shakespeare’s playwrights and poetry empower people to do great things, prove to serve as living textbooks, and also help educate people. It’s important to experience his works, for they are truly inspirational arts that motivate people to do exceptional things and perhaps break a vicious cycle of corruption. 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Depending on health issues people may have; it can create a further limitation to housing because housing may be impractical for their health. ‘why in a rich country like Australia, does such disadvantage continue to exist’ ( Carson and Kerr, 2014) When these people are in trouble some may turn to their friends and family for help or others would rely on councils or health services to provide a more safetyRead MoreSapay Koma by Jhoanna Lynn Cruz3767 Words   |  16 PagesAwards for Literature 2008 â€Å"I looked at Maria and she was lovely. She was tall†¦and in the darkened hall the fragrance of her was like a morning when papayas are in bloom.† –Manuel Arguilla On our first Valentine as a couple, he gave me a bowl of white nondescript flowers. They had a distinctly sweet but faint scent. I had never been a fan of Valentine’s Day nor of love like a red, red rose; but that day, I became a believer. He told me they were papaya blossoms from his mother’s garden. 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By looking at both short films and film depictions, I want to show the journey of how the Labour industry has changed from being a majority lead male dominated working environment with the social status for woman changing from those who are either unmarried or in poor lower-class families in domestic feminine held jobs, to those of married woman, in a well-to-do family made to give up chances of

Ptcl Report Free Essays

1. Introduction: Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited  (PTCL) is a  mega corporation  and a leading telecommunication authority in the  State of Pakistan. The corporation provides and enforces policies for the telephonic services nation-wide and is the backbone for country’s telecommunication infrastructure despite arrival of a dozens other telecommunication corporations, including  Telenor Corps  and  China Mobile Ltd. We will write a custom essay sample on Ptcl Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now The corporation managed and operates around ~2000 telephone exchanges across the country, providing the largest fixed line network. Data and backbone services such as GSM, CDMA, Broadband Internet, and IPTV, wholesale are an increasing part of its business. From the beginnings of Posts ; Telegraph Department in 1947 and establishment of Pakistan Telephone ; Telegraph Department in 1962, PTCL has been a major player in telecommunication in Pakistan. Despite having established a network of enormous size, PTCL workings and policies have attracted regular criticism from other smaller operators and the civil society of Pakistan. Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) took over operations and functions from Pakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department under Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Act 1991. In 1995, Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Ordinance formed the basis for PTCL monopoly over basic telephony in the country. The provisions of the Ordinance were lent permanence in October 1996 through Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Act. The same year, Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited was formed and listed on all stock exchanges of Pakistan PTCL launched its mobile and data services subsidiaries in 2001 by the name of Ufone and PakNet respectively. None of the brands made it to the top slots in the respective competitions Lately, however, Ufone had increased its market share in the cellular sector. The PakNet brand has effectively dissolved over the period of time. Recent DSL services launched by PTCL reflect this by the introduction of a new brand name and operation of the service being directly supervised by PTCL. . 1 Vision To be the leading Information and Communication Technology Service Provider in the region by achieving customer satisfaction and maximizing shareholders’ value’. The future is unfolding around us. In times to come, we will be the link that allows global communication. We are striving towards mobilizing the world for the future. By becoming partners in innovation, we are ready to shape a future that offers telecom services that bring us closer. 1. 2 Mission To achieve our mission by having: An organizational environment that fosters professionalism, motivation and quality * An environment that is cost effective and quality conscious * Services that are based on the most optimum technology * â€Å"Quality† and â€Å"Time† conscious customer service * Sustained growth in earnings and profitability 4. SERVICES OF PTCL Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited not only Provides Conventional telephone facilities, it also offers optical fiber services to the private sector. We will briefly discuss below the product lines being offered by the PTCL. Basically PTCL divide their services into two parts. 1 Services for consumers2. Services for corporate customers 4. 1 Services for Consumers These services are basically for the common users (Individual/home users) those use telephone in their home/work place and they are basically non business users. a) New Telephone Connections: As mentioned earlier, PTCL is presently the only telecom company, who provided fixed-line telephony in the country. So whenever, any Private business concern or any individual needs a new telephone connection for provision of telephone service. ) Value Added Services: CLI (Caller’s Line Identification) Caller Line Identification (CLI): Calling line Identification (CLI) allow customers to identify the caller before picking up the phone receiver. To subscribe to CLI services, customer needs a telephone set with display capability or a CLI device attached to the phone. Thereby generating an account on I/N platform and any call made from that telephone w ill be charged to this account. The service will provide state of art technological facilities to the subscribers. 5. CUSTOMER CARE CUSTOMER SERVICES DEPARTMENT PTCL has established its Customer Services Department at different levels the overview of the said department is as follows. Corporate  Customer  Care  Center  Operation  Region  Level Customer  Services  Centers  Tensile  Level Toll  Free  Help  Lines  for  Complaint  Ã‚  Enquiry now we briefly introduce the functions of these: Corporate Customer Care Center  to facilitate Corporate Customers PTCL has established Corporate Customer Care Centers at all Operation Regional Head Quarter Level, in all the meager cities countrywide. The Corporate Customers can get their problems resolved under one roof in a one window environment by dialing UAN 111-20 20 2. The Customer Relation Officers register the complaints forward these to the related office. Customer Services Centers to facilitate consumers PTCL has established Customer Services Centers at all Tensile Level cities/offices. Here the consumers can use Fax Facility, Voice Telephony for  Local/NWD/ISD dialing. On divisional Offices Level duplicate phone bills may also be obtained from C. S. C’s. Toll Free Help Lines PTCL offers state-of-the-art call center network to its all type of valued customers for  convenient frequently asked Questions, Complaints regarding their services, T/No enquiry. The following three Toll Free T/Numbers are available for this purpose. a) 1236 (Service Activation) This toll free No is used to change the tariff packages of land line, WLL (V-fone),v PTCL phone n net service activation, for Broad Band customers. The service activation is electronically ordered activated within 24 hours through concerned department) 1217 (Telephone Directory)This facility is also Toll Free is used to obtain the telephone numbers of some specific subscribers (College, Govt. offices, Private offices etc. ). This is centralized is being used as Telephone Directory) 1218 (Land Line Complaints 6. Projects and Assignments During Internship I was assigned to submit the daily market visit report to the consultant officer in which I had to find out the new costumers as well as to write down the complaints of the costumers regarding the products they use or any suggestions were always welcomed. Also I was assigned to meet at least 15 prospects and make them aware about Products and services like BB, Evo, IPtv, D-SET, H-set, Pstn, and Tab For this publicity I was trained for one week to make right publicity about the organization. . Recommendations: * Pakistan Telecommunication Company should Increase Publicity and Advertisement Activities. * Recruitment and selection opportunities should be increased. * Free Seminars should be organized. * They should not only focus on metropolitan cities but also should take close attention to the rural areas and small towns. * They should improve their Costu mer care services. * To increase their sell activities they should create better strategies. How to cite Ptcl Report, Essay examples

Local Authority and Energy Service †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Local Authority and Energy Service. Answer: Introduction: Tina has to be advised about her legal position as the sole trader of her garage in relation to Brad, who was her employee and was made in charge when Tina was on sick leave for 4 months. But he enjoyed the position so much that he did not refrain from ordering oil even when he was told to do so. The issue also arises in respect to Paul a salesman appointed by Tina, who sold a Wagon worth $19,000 from Tina to Fred, knowing that Fred was willing to pay $25,000 for the wagon and therefore he secretly tried to make some money out of the transaction. In a sole trading (Salmon, 2016) business, an individual is alone responsible for all the legal aspects of the business which means any kind of loss or debt will be barred by the owner. This form of business (Tricker Tricker, 2015) is simple and not expensive type in Australia. In this case Tina is a sole trader of her garage and she has the power to make all the decisions regarding her company and she has employees to help her. There are certain legal (Banerjee, 2015) positions that are enjoyed by the sole proprietorship (Whitehead, 2014) business, they are the following: The sole trader has the power to start as well as end the business at their own discretion because there are no legal formalities needed for setting up such a business structure. A sole trader is obliged by the general laws of the land there is no separate provisions made to govern them. There is no difference between the sole trader and the sole trading business. There is unlimited liability (Lawson, 2014) in a sole proprietorship from of business; due to no difference can be made among the business and its personal assets. The proprietor has the rights (Sturtz, 2013) and freedom to decide the duration of the working hours of the company, the goods or services it will be providing to the consumers, the place of its operation, and also has the rights to decide the contracts it would enter into without needing consultation from anyone else. The sole proprietor has full control and with such control has full liability too. Liabilities include financial obligations that have to borne by the sole trader. Banks provide loan to the sole traders as personal loans. Since all the liability of the company is with the sole trader, it sometimes becomes very difficult. The Court also considers the sole trading business and the trader the same, so if a situation arises of being sued it will be the same to sue the sole trader or the business. The sole proprietors all private assets (Chappell Dunn, 2015) like their home, car, bank account and so on are considered as risk. Since the sole trader and its business are seen as a single entity by the government. In this case, Tina had made Brad in charge of her garage while she was away for 4 months on a sick leave (McLaughlin, 2013). Brad was instructed by Tina to order petrol while she was away. Later, when she was back she took charge of everything. Brad, ignored this fact and still ordered petrol as he used to before from Caltex. While, Tina had made a more profitable negotiation with BP, for ordering petrol. Tina being the boss of her garage has the right to make all the decisions regarding the management and the business of her garage. Her managerial duties start from the day her business started and would end with the last day of the business. Thus, Brad was liable to Tina. Later in this case when Paul, a salesman of used vehicles (Marx, 2015) appointed by Tina, sold Tinas Wagon to his neighbour for $25,000 and paid Tina only $19,000. Tina was very furious. But she being the owner had rights to make all the decisions and thus, Paul would be liable to Tina for his act. The sole proprietor of a company has all the right and powers to decide anything in relation to the company, without getting any consultation from any third person. Tina had to comply with federal and the state business license. Tina should have basic idea about the laws of the Sole trading companies and have the access to attorneys in case of any legal action takes place in the company in relation to the customer of the garage or the employees of her garage. Consultation with a lawyer becomes mandatory when a legal issue is derived in the company. An owner of a sole trading company has various types of tasks and responsibilities that they have to fulfil starting from the incorporation of the company to the managing of the company. Depending on the type of the trade the role and the responsibility of the trader keeps changing. In a sole proprietorship form of business, the profits are taxed as personal taxes. Although there are certain advantages, like the formation of such companies are easy and quick due to its simple structure. There is no need for accounts to be audited or file any annual returns and management is very easy as there is only one owner. The profits made are only the sole traders share alone. Despite such advantages, there are certain disadvantages too; there is a risk due to the liability being limited. The sole trader becomes personally liable for all losses incurred. There is no tax exemption in such form of trade. The scopes to borrow funds in a sole trade are very limited. The owner has to usually give in his own private assets, to get personal loans from the bank. Legal advice has to be given to the three partners, George, Sara and Mary who own an company called, Computer Solution along with their forth partner Simon. There has been breach of contract by Simon who made transactions worth $12,000 which was not agreed by the partners. They had only agreed to have the authority to enter into contacts up to $10,000 without each others consent. In a partnership (Selwyn Emi, 2014) form of company, there are two or more owners who form a company to share the profit and loss of a company. The rights and duties of the partners are governed (Glasby Dickinson, 2014) by the partnership agreements, which may be in writing or implied. The partnership form of business is also governed by the Partnership Act. A written agreement is always preferred to avoid disputes among the partners in a firm. The partners enter into an agreement and are all liable under the obligations made in the agreement. Similarly, Simon, Sara, George and Mary too entered in a partnership agreement, which has stated that every partner had authority to enter into transactions worth $10,000 on behalf of their company. And any transaction (Thaler, 2014) beyond $10,000 would need to be approved by all the partners. The issue that is being discussed is the potential (Snopko, 2014) liabilities and the legal rights partners have with each other in a company. The major acts to be followed by the partners are Partnership Act 1895, Limited Partnership Act 1990 and the Corporations Act 2001. One of the most prominent cases on partnership is Cox V Hickman. The Partnership Act 1895 describes the meaning of partnership; there should be no deceiving (Day, 2016) and cheating of the partners among each other. The outcome of the case, Cox V Hickman, it was stated that on the basis of shared (Hannon Bolton, 2015) profits one cannot decide whether partnership exists. Thus the court had supported Cox when he disregarded the liability. In order to me a partnership firm the firm should meet all the requirements needed under the Act. Every partner in the partnership firm has to act in accordance with good faith towards each other and not take any kind of advantage through misrepresentation or concealment with each other. There is duty of loyalty (Williams, 2014) which prevents the partners from making any profit secretly at the cost or expense of the firm for their personal use. If a partner indulges in promoting any kind of competing business, in this case the partner shall be held liable for the damages (Fooks Gilmore, 2014) made by him. The partners must also note the limitations adopted by the majority of their partners, in regard to the partnership details. For instance, if the majority of the partners function in a company and decide that the sales of the company cannot be made on credit basis, the partners should obey the limitation. Thus, in this case, too, the four partners were bound by the Limitation Act, and could not enter into any transactions beyond $10,000 with each others approval. Simon did not obey the limitation made by the partners and entered into a transaction worth $12,000 with Sunstar Computer Hardware Ltd. thus in this case Simon will be liable under the Limitations Act. but his transactions with the Beaut Ute Ltd. for $9,000 will not make him liable to his other partners as he had obeyed the rule of limitation for this transaction made. The partners had agreed to make transaction worth up to $10,000 for the company without consulting (Meuer, 2014) each other, only when the transactions were more than $10,000 only then they had to consult all the partners prior to making the transactions. The partners in a company must take reasonable care in making transactions in the partnership company as they are liable for any loss resulting due to failure to act with good care. It is the duty of all the partners to keep each other informed at all times. All the partners are also have to take equal part in the transactions of the company, it is not accepted that one partner contributes more in financial terms than the other partner. The partners have equal right to inspect the books of partnership. All the partners are equal in a partnership firm and have the same rights and duties in the firm. The profit and loss in a firm are also shared by the partners of the company. Conclusion The outcome of the case would result that Simon had made a breach of contract with the other partners under the Limitations Act, 1963. The transaction he had made with the Sunstar Company was beyond $10,000 and he was liable for that, but Simon was not liable for the $9,000 transaction made to Beaut ute Ltd, since he obeyed the law of limitations in this case. The law of limitation keeps a constant check on the cases and the partners in relation to which the suit can be filled and the time available within which the individual can get remedies. Section 5 of the Limitation Act, gives opportunity to the litigants to go and file applications that are beyond the defined time. Article 64 and 65 of the Limitations Act, 1963 focuses on the adverse possession. Reference List: Banerjee, B. (2015).Fundamentals of Financial management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Chappell, D., Dunn, M. H. (2015).The architect in practice. John Wiley Sons. Day, N. C. (2016). Working in partnership to address the risks of transporting goods by road. InRisk, Reliability and Safety: Innovating Theory and Practice(pp. 1700-1704). CRC Press. Fooks, G., Gilmore, A. B. (2014). International trade law, plain packaging and tobacco industry political activity: the Trans-Pacific Partnership.Tobacco control,23(1), e1-e1. Glasby, J., Dickinson, H. (2014).Partnership working in health and social care: what is integrated care and how can we deliver it?. Policy Press. Hannon, M. J., Bolton, R. (2015). UK Local Authority engagement with the Energy Service Company (ESCo) model: Key characteristics, benefits, limitations and considerations.Energy Policy,78, 198-212. Lawson, T. (2014). The nature of the firm and peculiarities of the corporation.Cambridge Journal of Economics, beu046. Marx, K. (2015).On the question of free trade. Arsalan Ahmed. McLaughlin, S. (2013).Unlocking Company Law 2nd Edition. Routledge. Meuer, J. (2014). Archetypes of inter-firm relations in the implementation of management innovation: A set-theoretic study in Chinas biopharmaceutical industry.Organization Studies,35(1), 121-145. Salmon, M. (2016).Women and the law of property in early America. UNC Press Books. Selwyn, N. M., Emir, A. (2014).Selwyn's law of employment. Oxford University Press, USA. Snopko, J. (2014). Public-private partnership and hybrid projects as an effective method for financing local government investment projects.Zarz?dzanie Publiczne,27(3), 263-271. Sturtz, L. (2013).Within her power: propertied women in colonial Virginia. Routledge. Thaler, T. (2014). Developing partnership approaches for flood risk management: implementation of inter-local co-operations in Austria.Water International,39(7), 1018-1029. Tricker, R. B., Tricker, R. I. (2015).Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Whitehead, G. (2014).Economics: Made Simple. Elsevier. Williams, B. R. (2014). African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA): Background and Reauthorization.Current Politics and Economics of Africa,7(3), 203.

Gender and Number Systems of English and Bangla free essay sample

English language, number and gender are the major elements of secondary category. They have some individual character traits and features of their own, which make them different than the number and gender systems of other languages. Therefore automatically there comes the issue of compare and contrast them with other languages. In this assignment paper, I will present a detail compare and contrast study of gender and number systems of English and Bangla. In addition, for the better understanding, I would like to present the features of each system first. Gender English gender system: Gender is important as a grammatical category. There is a claim that English doesn’t have any proper gender system. That’s why; gender and sex are often associated together. English has its biological gender, not grammatical gender, because it depends on the division of sexes. In other languages, there is grammatical gender, that is, they have grammatical feature, refers to, all types of words unlike English, that refers to nouns or inanimate objects. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender and Number Systems of English and Bangla or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page David Crystal (1995) said, Gender is a grammatical category used for the analysis of word classes’ displays, such contrasts as masculine or feminine or neuter or animated or inanimate etc. Furthermore he added, In linguistics the discussion of this concept focuses upon the need to distinguish natural and grammatical gender. Grammatical gender has nothing to do with biological gender, but it has an important role in signaling grammatical relationships between words in a sentence. For example, we can present French gender system. In French language, adjective agrees with the noun. But in English, we don’t find this feature. Example: Bon homme – good man Bonne femme good woman Even we find article-adjective-noun agreement in French language. Example: Un beau garcon – a beautiful boy Une belle fille a beautiful girl Characteristics of English gender system: In English there are three common ways to change the gender. They are: ? Adding affix that indicates the sex ?Using a complete new word ?Adding word that indicates the sex-female/male. In English there are three genders: masculine, feminine, neuter. There is another gender also namely, common gender. So we can say that there are four genders in English. But in Hindi, French, Italian and Spanish there are two genders. Russian and German have three genders. In Swahili there are six genders. Moreover, Chinese and Japanese, there is no gender system at all. In European and English languages gender doesn’t change the verb. In Russian, there is a distinct past tense for masculine and feminine. Example: On pisal – he wrote Ona pisala she wrote In Hindi also gender changes the verb. Example: Larki chal rahi hain – the girl is walking Larka chal raha hain – the boy is walking In English, we see he/she. They are absolutely biological gender. There is no grammatical feature. So we can say that, English doest have any grammatical gender, because nouns can’t be classified in terms of adjective or verb like some other languages. The pair system: uncle-aunt, mother-father, brother-sister etc are dependent on sex system. This is a lexical feature. There is no grammatical feature. So, we should say male or female instead of masculine or feminine. Even the Oxford dictionary also defines gender being male and female. In English there are some feminine that don’t have any masculine form, Example: Amazon, Blonde, Flirt, Housewife etc. Again there are some masculine that don’t have any feminine form. Example: Captain, Judge, Knight, Person etc. There are some masculine genders that used as common gender. Example: Man, Hound, Doctor etc. Again there are some feminine gender used as common gender, Example: Bee, Cow, Duck etc. Some counter arguments: There is an argument that sometimes we find some grammatical features in English gender as well. Example: Actor – actress Poet- poetess In this case we are using suffix, so we can say that English has grammatical feature. However we should remember that this adding system is not regular. It is a kind of derivation, one kind of change from one form to another. Another argument is that, in English there are some objects, which we categorize feminine and masculine and there are not based on biological gender. Example: Sun (male)-moon (female) But at this time also we can claim that this division is also based on biological system, because nouns which indicate beauty, softness, weakness, love, devotion are treated as feminine and which indicate boldness, strength, death fear are treated as masculine. So here also the division is based on sex system. So, all these above mentioned discussions are enough to justify that English doesn’t have any grammatical gender system. Gender system in Bangla: In Bengali language, gender means lingo and the meaning of this word is symbol or some kind of sign. The symbol or sign, through which we can trace the identity of male or female in living beings, is called lingo. Jharna Rahman, the author of Adunik Bangla Bakoron ebong Rachana wrote, Bangla gender is dependent on biological system and only living entities have gender system. In Bangla, there are three types of gender: Estri lingo (feminine), Purush lingo (masculine) and klib lingo (neuter). There is another kind of gender called Uboy lingo (common gender), that refers to both feminine and masculine gender. (In this paper, I will use English translation for naming the types of Bangla genders) Characteristics of Bangla genders: In Bangla there are three ways to change the form of gender: ?Adding suffixes ?Adding another word ?Adding words that indicate a particular sex. In Bangla, gender doesn’t change the verb. Example: Meyeti gun gai- the girl sings Cheleti gun gai- the boy sings There are some permanent feminine gender that don’t have any masculine form: Example: Shatma, shatin, shajoni, lalana etc. There are some masculine, that don’t have any feminine form: Example; Bipotnik,daki, kritodar etc Counter argument: There are some genders in Bangla that show some other meaning instead of indicating only the biological difference. Example: Natok-natika (indicating smallness) Male-malika Git-gitika Aranaya-aranayani (idicating leargeness) However this is very rare. Compare and contrast of English and Bangla gender system: Similarities: The classification of Bangla and English gender is same, that is-masculine, feminine, neuter and common gender. Like English gender systems, Bangla also follows the same ways to change the gender from one form to another. Bangla and English both depend on biological gender system. They don’t have any proper grammatical feature in them. The gender of Bangla and English doesn’t change the verb. Dissimilarities: In English, there is individual word to trace male and female that is he for male and she for female. On the other hand, in Bangla, we use the same word to indicate both male and female: She (he/she)both for male and female. In English, adjectives don’t have any proper way of gendering. Example: Beautiful boy Beautiful girl In Bangla, we see that even adjectives have genders as well. Example: Shundury maye-beautiful girl Shundur chaley-beautiful boy We see that adjectives are changing their forms. More or less these are the similarities and dissimilarities between Bangla and English genders. Number Number system in English: Number of person and thing means number. According to Oxford Dictionary, Number is a word or symbol that represents an amount or a quantity. In English, there are two types of number: Singular Plural David Crystal (1995) said, Number in grammatical category used for the analysis of word classes displaying such contrasts as singular, plural and dual etc. In Sanskrit and Greek languages, there are three types of number: singular, plural and dual. Thus in Arabic we find: Malikun-a king Malikani-two kings Malikuna-kings In Chinese and Vietnamese, there is no grammatical category of number. In these languages the distinction between one and many is made by means of numeral or a word meaning several. When it is left unmarked, it can be traced as one. Features of number in English: Number raises fewer problems. The European languages have the distinction of singular and plural, marked in both the noun and the verb. The verb usually agrees with the noun. In English also, we find this feature. Example: The boy comes. The boys come. In some languages such as French, there is agreement with article and adjective as well as verb. Example: The little boy- le petit garcon The little boys- les petits garcons English number has some concord restrictions with verbs. Example: The man comes The men come Again it has some concord restrictions with the demonstratives as well. Example: This man These men One slight anomaly is that the present tense forms of verb are not simply divided morphologically into singular and plural. The division is rather between 3rd person singular number and the rest. Example: He goes VS I go or we go. Number in English closely associated with a category of noun that is countable and uncountable or countable or mass. The distinction is between words like book, cat and petrol, butter. The grammatical difference between countable and uncountable is that the uncountable don’t have any plural form and do not occur with the indefinite article. Example: One can’t say, give me a petrol or petrols. On the other hand the countable noun can’t be used without an article except that is plural. Example: He reads a book or he reads books. It is also possible to change the countable into uncountable and the uncountable into countable. Example: Petrol-uncountable A petrol I like much brand X. -countable Giraffe –countable Would u like some giraffe? -uncountable but meaning is changed Some singular number and collectives are commonly used with plural verb Example: The comity have decided Bangladesh have won But in this case we have to remember one thing that although the verb is plural but we cant use plural demonstratives before them. Example: We can’t say, these comity have†¦ Some nouns have no singular forms and they cant be used as numerous. Example: A pair of trousers, but not one trouser. A pair of shoes, but not a pair of shoe. But here we can use plural demonstratives. Example; These pants are good. In the number system of English, there are some anomalous plural forms that look like singular but are plural in meaning. Example: Police, clergy, government, mob etc. There are some nouns plural in form but singular in use. Example:Gallows, mathematics, politics, news etc. There are some nouns that look like plural but can be used both for plural and singular. Example: Corps, series, innings, spices etc. There are some nouns that don’t have any plural forms. Example: Alphabet, furniture, off-spring, poetry etc. There are some nouns that don’t have any singular forms. Example: Aborigines, aims, amends, annals, vitals, etc. Bangla gender system: In Bangla, number means bachan. It means the idea of number. In Bangla grammar, expressing the number of noun or adjective is called bachan. In Bangla, there are two types of bachan or number; Ekbachan-singular Bahubachan-plural The features of Bangla bachan or number : In Bangla usually we use ta, ti, khana, kahni, gasa, gasi etc to indicate singular number or ekbachan. We use words like ra, era, gulu, guli, der, shob, shokol, kul, brindo, pal, raji, rashi etc to indicate plural number or bahubachan. In bachan, honor or status is attributed. Usually we use ra era for only human beings and gulo, guli for lower ranked animals or for some non-living things. Example: Manushera maronshil. men are mortal Aamgulo tak- these mangoes are sour. Bangla bachan doesn’t change the verb. Example; Lokera jai- men go Lokti jai- man goes Bachan has some concord restrictions with the demonstratives. Plural demonstratives can’t be used with bahubachan. Example: We can’t say eigulo lokgulo bajare jai. The correct sentence is, ei lokgulo bajare jai-these men go to market. In bachan, double usage of bahubachan is not allowed at the same time. Example: Shokol manushera moronshil-incorrect Shob manush or manushera moronshil-correct (men are mortal). There are some bahubachan that look like ekbachan. Example: Pokar akromone fashal noshto-the corps have been damaged by the insects. Bajare lok jomese-people have gathered in the market. Sometimes the double usage of ekbachan indicates bahubachan. Example; Hari hari shondesh-lots of sweets Kari kari taka-lots of money There are some foreign words in Bangla bachan that express their number system following the rules of that particular language. Example; Murid-muridan Shaheb-shaheban After plural numeral, there will be not another plural indicator. Example; Du dozen but not du dozengulo-2dozens Pach hali but not pach haligulo- 5 halies Exception: Karimera kal chale jabe, doesn’t mean that there are more than one karim, rather it means, karim and others of his family. Compare and contrast English and Bangla number system: Similarities: The classification of both English and Bangla number is same: Singular and plural. The idea of countable and uncountable is found in both languages. Like the English number, the Bangla singular number also takes an article before them. Example: Amake ekti kolom dao-give me a pen Dissimilarities: English number changes the verb but Bangla bachan doesn’t change the verb. Example: In English number: man goes Men go In Bangla number: manushera jai Manushti jai In Bangla number, double usage of plural number is wrong, on the other hand in English number it is allowed. Example: In Bangla shokol manushera moronshil is a wrong sentence. But in English all men are mortal is a correct sentence. In Bangla, after a plural numeral another plural indicator is not allowed, conversely in English it is allowed. Example: In Bangla, du dozen is correct, and du dozengulo is incorrect. In English 2 dozens are correct, and 2 dozen is incorrect. In English number there is no problem with honor or status unlike Bangla bachan. Example: In bachan usually ra and era are used only for higher ranked living beings and gulo, guli are used for lower ranks or for non-living beings but in English number, there is nothing like this. In Bangla, sometimes using ekbachan, we can express the sense of bahubachan. Example: ami poaka voi pai-I am afraid of insects. Here this sentence doesn’t mean that I am talking about one particular insect, rather it means that I am afraid of any kind of insects. In English, this usage is rare These are the compare and contrast in between Bangla and English number. Bangla and English are two very different languages in the world, but whenever we try to do some comparative study between the number and gender systems of these two languages, we find they have many similarities in comparison of the dissimilarities.

Free Essays on SARS Case Definition

A suspected case is classified as having disease in a person with documented fever to imperative greater than 38 Centigrade; lower respiratory tract symptoms and contact with a person believed to have had SARS or a history of travel to areas with SARS. A suspected case with (1) chest radiographic pneumonia, (2) acute respiratory distress syndrome or (3) an unexplained respiratory illness in death with autopsy findings consistent with pathology of ARDS without an identifiable cause is classified as a probable case. The surveillance begins on 1 November 2002 to capture cases of atypical pneumonia in China are recognized as SARS. Close contact: having cared, lived with or had a direct contact with respiratory secretions or body fluids of a suspect case of SARS. Suspected Case A person with an unexplained acute respiratory illness resulting in death after 1 November, 2002, but on whom no autopsy has been performed, and one or more of the following exposures during 10 days prior to onset of symptoms: a) contact with a person who is a suspect of SARS, b) history of travel to an area with local transmission of SARS, c) residing in area with recent local transmission of SARS. Probable Case 1. A suspected case with radiographic evidence of infiltrates consistent with pneumonia or respiratory distress syndrome on chest x-ray. 2. A suspect case of SARS coronavirus. 3. A suspect case with autopsy findings consistent with the pathology of ARDS without an identifiable cause. Exclusion Criteria A case should be excluded in an alternative diagnosis can fully explain the illness. Reclassification of Cases As SARS is currently a diagnosis of exclusion, the status of a reported case may change over time. A pattern should always be managed a clinically, regardless of their case status. Â · A case initially classified a suspect or probable, for which an alternative diagnosis can fully explain the illness, should be ... Free Essays on SARS Case Definition Free Essays on SARS Case Definition A suspected case is classified as having disease in a person with documented fever to imperative greater than 38 Centigrade; lower respiratory tract symptoms and contact with a person believed to have had SARS or a history of travel to areas with SARS. A suspected case with (1) chest radiographic pneumonia, (2) acute respiratory distress syndrome or (3) an unexplained respiratory illness in death with autopsy findings consistent with pathology of ARDS without an identifiable cause is classified as a probable case. The surveillance begins on 1 November 2002 to capture cases of atypical pneumonia in China are recognized as SARS. Close contact: having cared, lived with or had a direct contact with respiratory secretions or body fluids of a suspect case of SARS. Suspected Case A person with an unexplained acute respiratory illness resulting in death after 1 November, 2002, but on whom no autopsy has been performed, and one or more of the following exposures during 10 days prior to onset of symptoms: a) contact with a person who is a suspect of SARS, b) history of travel to an area with local transmission of SARS, c) residing in area with recent local transmission of SARS. Probable Case 1. A suspected case with radiographic evidence of infiltrates consistent with pneumonia or respiratory distress syndrome on chest x-ray. 2. A suspect case of SARS coronavirus. 3. A suspect case with autopsy findings consistent with the pathology of ARDS without an identifiable cause. Exclusion Criteria A case should be excluded in an alternative diagnosis can fully explain the illness. Reclassification of Cases As SARS is currently a diagnosis of exclusion, the status of a reported case may change over time. A pattern should always be managed a clinically, regardless of their case status. Â · A case initially classified a suspect or probable, for which an alternative diagnosis can fully explain the illness, should be ...

Resource Environment - need in 12 hours Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Resource Environment - need in 12 hours - Essay Example The environment is the primary source of life and energy that allows all living things to exist, thus, it is important to consider whether innovations, technology and developments will damage or harm the ecosystem. Determining the environmental implications of using alternative fuel sources will enable the government and the concerned groups to understand and analyze how it should be used, or if it should be used at all or it is needed to find other alternative sources. Biofuel comes from living, renewable sources, such as corn and palm oil as opposed to fossil fuel, which comes from fossilized remains of plants and animals. In contrast to biofuel, fossil fuel is considered as non-renewable because of the nature of its existence. It is expected, then, that fossil fuel supply will be depleted depending on the rate of the human consumption of such fuel source. Right now, the main alternative source of fuel is the fossil fuel. Because of the abundance of the fossilized remains of plants and animals, fossil fuel is easy to find though it is non-renewable and considered as a limited resource (Richards, p.134). Because of this, biofuel has been discovered and there is a debate in its use as an alternative to fuel source. The main argument of biofuel proponents is the impact of fossil fuel against the environment in contrast with the environmental-friendly components and use of biofuel. Biofuel claims that there is no carbon dioxide release when it is produced because of the photosythetic process of the plants as opposed to fossil fuel production (Pimentel, p.479). This is partly true, however, carbon dioxide is observed to be released during biomass production and its conversion to fuel (Pimentel, p.479). This is an important factor when looking at the environmental impact of a fuel source since cardon dioxide has an effect in climate change, ecological disturbance and potential damage on humans and animals. This proves that biofuel is not at all

Case Analysis For The Tiger Woods Foundation Term Paper

Case Analysis For The Tiger Woods Foundation - Term Paper Example Tiger World Challenge was changed to Chevron World Challenge. The aim of this program was to pursue a tag of $ 5million. Tiger, hosts his own PGA tour. He co sponsors tournaments. He wins most of these golf events. The five-time tour wins, he donated the money back to his foundations, to ensure that the lives of the American children are comfortable (Skyzinki, 2006). No company currently that builds sustainable employee commitment and success around their brand and heroes. I feel there is an urgent need and commitment in leadership to drive the community to a continuous change in the entire organization. A business community that shares vision and same practices promote dialogue ensuring solid future leaders in the organization. Many exist and studies interview show the real story between the employees and employers. The company employees must have faith in their managers. If they do not have faith, they will leave the company. The middle management is under attack from time memorial. The Business re-engineering unit claimed that the middle class sub- optimize the turf builders. The turf builders prevent the company from operating in full efficiency. Technological evolution is making people believe that companies’ hierarchies are not needed in companies. I feel that the employees ought to communicate directly to any department in the company. The leadership effort that develops the companies’ goals and missions are focusing on the top potentials. They then neglect the middle class in the company. The management cannot motivate others before motivating the top management first. Many of the middle management is not motivated. This makes most of the middle class workers leave the company for othe r companies These events and programs are aimed at impacting and benefiting millions of lives of the American children (Londing, 2012). Tiger World Challenge was changed to

The Health Effects of Smoking to Maori and Non-Maori Clients

The Health Effects of Smoking to Maori and Non-Maori Clients INTRODUCTION: The top leading cause of death for Maori and Non-Maori according to the Ministry of Health are Ischemic Heart Disease, Lung Cancer, Cerebrovascular Disease, and Diabetes. (Major causes of death (all ages) | Ministry of Health NZ, n.d.) The leading cause of Lung Cancer is smoking with an 80-90 percent ratio. This is an important topic to investigate for me because this is a life-threatening matter that only one can control, with the help of the family, friends and the organization, New Zealand can be a smoking free environment. Being the top 2 leading cause of death to Maori ethnic, it is a calling for me to focus on this paper by educating them on this matter. This paper primarily aims to decrease the mortality rate of lung cancer by improving the health awareness of the effects of smoking in the body, raise awareness of lung cancer and its symptoms, what are the Maori perception towards smoking, how to overcome the bad habit of smoking and to be aware of what the programs are that the government has to offer with regards to minimizing smoking. Health Effects of Smoking 1. Lung Cancer 2. Smoking is either the direct cause or a contributing factor in 30% Cancer: Esophageal Cancer Head and Neck Cancer Cervical, Ovarian, Breast Cancer Prostate Cancer 3. The effects of a second hand smoking B. The different insights of the Maori and Non Maori towards smoking, origin as to why Maori smoke C. Different programs to stop smoking 1. Nicotine Replacement Therapy 2. Practice Relaxation Techniques 3. Call for Reinforcements 4. Go online for Supports D. Smoke Free by 2025 A. Health Effects of Smoking 1. The usual questions that we are running at the back of our mind are questions like how do we get lung cancer or why is it the top 5 leading cause of death to Maori and non Maori people? We all know that cancer can be genetic and can also be acquired if we have bad habits like eating carcinogenic foods and with lung cancer the risk factors would be smoking and air pollution. I have asked some people as to why do they smoke and their usual answers are smoking helps them cope up with the stressful life they have, may it be from work or at home, smoking for some others would make them relieve and relax. Sometimes youth experienced peer pressure or out of curiosity they’ll do it. But the harmful effects that the chemicals inside a cigarette are obviously not being mind. When we play with fire and our hand got burn, we will actually put away our hand from the fire and perhaps put the fire off unlike smoking it will affect our body in a long term process but once it will scar our lungs that would be irreversible to cure. Our body would be experiencing a lot of physical reactions to every smoke we puff. This chemical highly affects the blood pressure, and increases pulse rate which can lead to palpitations and heart burns thus leads to disturbance in the entire body. There are over 4000 chemical compounds present in cigarette smoke at around 40 plus chemicals are known to be carcinogenic while 200 of it are poisonous ones. Examples of these compounds are carcinogens, benzene, formaldehyde, pesticides, TSNAs, vinyl chloride, toxic metals, arsenic, and cadmium. These chemicals are very toxic which can cause cancer cells. Lung Cancer is the uncontrolled abnormal cell growths that start on attacking one lung or both lungs. The abnormal cells don’t convert to normal cells but rather they rapidly divide and formed into tumor cells. A Passivesmokingmeans you inhale the smoke of one person that smoke which leads to air pollution and increases the risk of lung cancer, but it is still much less percentage than if you smoke yourself. The effect to reduce lung cancer is through prevention, early detection and treatment. 2. Smoking is one risk factor that causes head, neck, esophageal, breast, cervical, ovarian and prostate cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, â€Å"smoking a pack a day doubles your risk factor for cancer.† DNA cells will be damage when smoke is inhaled in the body. My grandfather died of tongue cancer and he actually smoke like a pack of cigarettes each day. And before he died when he was still in the hospital he told my dad who was a smoker before that â€Å"if you love yourself and love my daughter (which is my mom) you need to quit smoking† so right there and then my dad never smoke again. Eighty-five percent of head and neck cancers are linked to tobacco use. Smoking can accelerate cancerous changes in the cervix due to HPV. While women who smoked for 25 years or more and were still smoking had twice the risk of developing ovarian cancer as those who never smoked. Fatty tissues in your breast can be the resting place of carcinogenic compounds who smoke thus links smoking triggers breast cancer. Prostate cancer is simply the uncontrolled and abnormal growth of cells in the prostate which cigarettes has carcinogenic compounds that triggers cancer cells and attacks any part of the body that are weak. (Eldridge,L. (n.d.). Health Effects of Smoking). This are the symptoms that you should watch out for and go direct consult your GP. 3. Passive smoking is the process where you breathe other people’s smoke or when you inhale somebody’s smoke. Back in the Philippines I myself have experienced this situation were all our neighbors are a chain smokers and I kept on telling them to smoke a little bit farther because my baby and I can smell the smoke. We have one of the worst air pollution back in our country thus leads to several of diseases like PTB, COPD, Lung cancer and Pneumonia. As an emergency nurse, I have witnessed a lot of patience who suffered from shortness of breath, coughing or vomiting blood and when I have assessed their habits one thing are common they are active smokers or victim of second hand smokers. That is why when I first step in New Zealand I fell in love with it not just because of its nature but it has a clean fresh air. Lung cancer and second hand smoking has been scientifically connected and linked since mid-1980s and the studies shows that there is a 20 percent increased risk of developing lung cancer to non-smoker who is exposed to second hand smoking. Just 30 minutes of exposure is enough to decrease blood flow to the heart. Around 350 New Zealanders are killed by others peoples tobacco smoke each year. Second hand smoke has been the cause of coronary heart disease, lung cancer, acute stroke, nasal sinus cancer, eye and nasal irritation. An adult who have never tried smoking and is living with a smoker has a 15 percent higher risk of death than those who are living in a smoke free household. Maori children are exposed greatly to second hand smoke than non Maori children. It was Captain James Cook who introduced smoking to Maori in the late 1700s. The Maori thought of him as a demon because his face was smoking and with fire so they poured water on him to check if the fire would go out and if not then he is a demon that needs to be killed. Tobacco is not a Maori tradition, but they became a heavy smoker when they adopted what was introduced to them. Compare to other ethnic groups in New Zealand, smoking to Moari is common most especially to areas in deprivation. In the 19th century most Maori women were painted or photograph with a pipe at hand while Pakeha women is seen with tobacco is unacceptable. In 1899 the MÄ ori newspaperTe Puke ki Hikurangi, the smoke products are used by men, women and the youth for Maori while the Pakeha rule only older men are allowed to smoke while women and young women are not allowed at all. (MÄ ori use of tobacco – MÄ ori smoking, alcohol and drugs – tÃ…Â «peka, waipiro me te taruk ino – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. (n.d.). Around 800 Maori dies each year because of the different diseases caused by smoking tobacco. There has been a 10 percent health gap inequality between Maori and non-Maori due to smoking. The Maori ethnic group actually spends around $260 million in cigarette taxes each year. The Moari leaders are straight forward although the community still control there decision or has a final say to their destiny. But the Maori principle will need mass mobilization and support to realize the benefits from such a commitment. (The Issues Health Secondhand Smoke CanTobacco. (n.d.). Programs to help stop Smoking are: Nicotine Replacement Therapy- it is an invaluable aid to help people to quit smoking. If you are a heavy smoker and wanted to quit, NRT is an helpful material because it gives a cessation somewhat like when you’re smoking. It includes a patch, gum, lozenges which the government of New Zealand offers low cost of NRT. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a proven efficacious and safe aid for smoking cessation. However, initiation of NRT use remains low, and among those who do use the products insufficient dosages and early termination is common. Practice Relaxation Techniques- Cardio exercises helps you relax and divert yourself from the cravings you are feeling and you must also give your mouth something to chew on like sugarless gum, or hard candy, raw carrots, or celery nuts or something crunchy and satisfying. Calls for reinforcements- this is a program were you ask counseling or someone’s help for moral support most especially from your family, friends and a support group. A chat on the phone or face to face conversation and talk about your cravings or other good things to laugh about. Go for online supports- there are a lot of online sites that would assist an individual who wants to quit smoking. Reading blogs and other successful stories of people who successfully finished the programs would help uplift the spirit of a beginner. Some sites are www.orakeihealth.com, ngati hine health trust in whangarei, koriri marae hauora in wellington and many more. Expressing yourself to others and reading articles to other story relaxes you and can encourage you push through the program process. A motivation to push forward for a better health. Smoke free environment by 2025 is the government programs and their goals are not to ban the cigarettes but tobacco will be difficult to sell and supply. They will increase the tobacco tax per annum. Extend smoke free areas like inside the cars with children, parks and sport fields, bus stops and other transport settings. This will protect the people from the exposure of the second hand smoking. The goal is attainable if everyone would cooperate in attending smoke free events, encouraging and supporting more people to quit, reaching out and giving education to family, school, community and organizations. Tell Maori and Non Moari to not smoke around children and teach children that smoking is harmful to the body. (Smokefree 2025 | Smokefree. (n.d.). Conclusion: The Maori ethnic has the highest incident rate of lung cancer and other diseases caused by smoking because majority of them have embraced smoking as part of their culture when introduced by the British colony. They have been living as a group or tribe in ancient days and today they’re living in an extended form family therefore if one family member is smoking it highly affects the smoker and the family member in a way of second had smoking and children seeing their family member smoke would think that smoking is acceptable and healthy. As a healthcare manager I would highly suggest that health education would be implemented to every facility or company twice a year. This would help the community reach out to each and everyone with no exception to its race, gender, age and social status. Health awareness would slowly help Maori individual accept and adopt that smoking is dangerous to our health. There has been an equal and fair treatment with regards to health care programs as far as I have researched. May it be a citizen or resident of New Zealand, a Maori or non Maori the service has been made for their convenience. Some facilities have even interpreters to help cater the needs of individual. I have observed that some bus stops, train stations don’t have no smoking signs which the public can smoke freely and that can harm other people. To help achieve the governments program of Smokefree by 2025 as an individual we should help our family members, friends, and colleagues educate them and help them go through the program on quitting smoking. References: Major Causes of Death (all ages). (n.d.). RetrievedOctober2014, from http://www.health.govt.nz/nz-health-statistics/health-statistics-and-data-sets/maori-health-data-and-stats/tatau-kahukura-maori-health-chart-book/nga-mana-hauora-tutohu-health-status-indicators/major-causes-death-all-ages Eldridge,L. (n.d.). Health Effects of Smoking. Retrieved from http://http://lungcancer.about.com/od/causesoflungcance1/a/effectsofsmoking.htm The Issues Health Secondhand Smoke CanTobacco. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cantobacco.org.nz/the-issues/health/secondhand-smoke MÄ ori use of tobacco – MÄ ori smoking, alcohol and drugs – tÃ…Â «peka, waipiro me te tarukino – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. (n.d.). InTe Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand – Te Ara – The Encyclopedia of New Zealand is building a comprehensive guide to our peoples, natural environment, history, culture, economy and society. Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/maori-smoking-alcohol-and-drugs-tupeka-waipiro-me-te-tarukino/page-1 Smokefree 2025 | Smokefree. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://smokefree.org.nz/smokefree-2025 http://youtu.be/9LF7qoJdEXc

Early Childhood Education and Children

Mothers Stay at Home Are there any benefits for children stay one of parent with them at home? Mothers who stay at home are helpful for their family. Many mothers prefer to give their children to their mothers, but if there is not grandmother to care child, that will be problem especially if the child is still baby or infant. Mothers are compelled to find a place to put their child there. Many kinds of places that may mothers join their child to stay there and to have education, such as to educational settings which consist of early child education, pre-school, nursery school, and pre-kindergarten.Also, there are many places to get care and education for children nanny, governess, babysitting, au pair, and extended family, for example. In fact, mother’s decision; that choosing stay with her children at home or going to work and joining her children in convenient place, is important critical for her. A mother who stays at house are more probable to have time to be involved with their children. Those mothers who stay home is able to become more completely involved their children activities.For example, mother will give carful and interest for her children. Moreover, many people mention to needs childhood such as feeding, sustenance, and nurturing. Most women have been housewife to be breadwinners, and to be caretakers. â€Å"Child care can cost up to $15,000 for one year in the United States. Approximately six out of every ten children, or almost 12 million children, age five and younger, are being jointly cared for by parents and early childhood educators, relatives, or other child-care providers† (Lynn, 2002).Indeed, many societies have been assumed that women will stay home and take care of their children while their spouses go out and work. In addition, woman pregnancy suffers to go out and doing hard work many hours without rest times, but when she stay home will get time to have rest and lying. Many mothers work to be ready for unexpected situ ations like a husband's unemployment, husband’s death, a divorce, or sickness. In fact, nobody wants to be working more than eight hours a day and missing his or her family life.In encouragement of mothers who want to work, Dr. Phil says that many mothers optimism to be a parent and pursue an occupation and they often become miserable when they are stuck just in a parenting capacity. â€Å"If the child is mothered by a parent who is feeling frustrated and depressed and empty, that is not a good thing,† he says. Even though some parents are now separated, father continues in the role of primary caregiver to his children, while mother continue to support her family. A man is not hard to give up the traditional role as breadwinner.However, A woman can be more responsibility to earn money and take care for her family. A lot of women have been socialized to be service workers for their societies, not solely to be housewife. Some time a man feels difficult to abdicate some t hings like giving up self-worth, feelings of masculinity and personal power. It can be tough on men, especially in the beginning. In conclusion, it's these deeper issues. Making the decision to stay home with your children or join the workforce can be a difficult process. It appears approximating employed moms just can't success.Every woman has dream to be effective in her society and earn money, but she will face challenges with her care children. Sources 1. Dr. Phil: http://drphil. com/articles/article/284 2. Olson, Lynn (2002). [According to the 2002 Quality Counts survey conducted by Education Week, approximately six out of every ten children, or almost 12 million children, age five and younger, are being jointly cared for by parents and early childhood educators, relatives, or other child-care providers. â€Å"Starting Early†]. Education Week 21 (17): 10–11. Retrieved 24 November 2012.

The Basics of What Is Paper Writing

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